Recirculating Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands for Treating Residential Wastewater

In parts of the United States where soils are very permeable, conventional septic tank and absorption field systems are considered the largest contributor to waterborne disease and pollution of water bodies. An economical, recirculating vertical flow (RVF) constructed wetland, used as a pretreatment system in a residential setting, can significantly improve the performance of conventional onsite wastewater treatment systems in a small space. This publication describes the construction and performance of RVF constructed wetlands.